X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n
M\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho anh em nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong> ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng anh em, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi tham gia ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh tr\u00fang 1 nh\u00e1y, 2 nh\u00e1y hay 3 nh\u00e1y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp chung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u00fang l\u00f4. T\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 khi t\u00ednh 1 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 100% l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con s\u1ed1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 50% ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 75% hay 80%. Khi ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00fang (v\u1ec1) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t (t\u1ea1ch).<\/p>\n C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i x\u00f3c \u0111\u0129a, t\u00e0i x\u1ec9u\u2026 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 50% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 2 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 ch\u1eb5n v\u00e0 l\u1ebb, tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf\u2026<\/p>\n \u00eam t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang khi ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 online<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p soi c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n M\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201c~\u201d trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 t\u00ednh 100 s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 100% (ho\u1eb7c 1) cho d\u1ec5, c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n con th\u00ec gi\u1ea3m n l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 2 con v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 1 con. V\u00ec ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 xi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01a1i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac c\u1ea3 2 con s\u1ed1 n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 2 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 xi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 2 con (tr\u01b0\u1ee3t), v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac 2 con (tr\u00fang) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 1 con duy nh\u1ea5t (tr\u01b0\u1ee3t):<\/p>\n Theo nh\u01b0 3 c\u00e1i \u1edf tr\u00ean ta suy ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2 b\u1eb1ng 100% \u2013 94% cho ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ~ 6%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 6%, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh em ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2 r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3<\/strong> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u00ean b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2.<\/p>\n Theo 3 c\u00e1i \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3. (m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ed1 % \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 nh\u00ecn h\u01a1n.)<\/p>\n A + B + C = (0,97^27) + (3 * 0,2376 * 0,98^27) + (3 * 0,058 * 0,99^27) = 0,9851 ~ 98,51%<\/p>\n => X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 = 100% \u2013 98,51% = 1,49% <\/strong><\/p>\n Theo nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 1,49% g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01a1i 100 l\u1ea7n th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u00fang 1 l\u1ea7n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00fang kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p n\u00ean r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh to\u00e0n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat may m\u1eafn m\u00e0 ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 xi\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng nu\u00f4i l\u00f4<\/strong> nh\u01b0 n\u00e0o m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i anh em n\u00e0o c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap anh em hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng anh em ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 tay t\u00ednh to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 logarit trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng anh em cao th\u1ee7 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng anh em \u0111am m\u00ea l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1. Qua c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 anh em tham kh\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecf ra xem cho vui. M\u00ecnh hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i t\u00ednh x\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh em. Ch\u00fac anh em lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/main><\/p>\nT\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fang 1 con l\u00f4<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00f4<\/h3>\n
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T\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 2<\/h3>\n
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T\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00fang l\u00f4 xi\u00ean 3<\/h3>\n
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B\u00e0i to\u00e1n nu\u00f4i l\u00f4<\/h2>\n
t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n soi c\u1ea7u mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc cao c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n